1. Recent trends in curriculum development: New curriculum projects; PSSC; chemistry, Nuffield science; curriculum improvement projects in India.
2. Methods and materials of science teaching:
i. Use of modern techniques in teaching physical science; demonstration, discussion, seminar, symposium, workshop; team teaching and supervised study.
ii. The scientific attitude and its importance to the individual and his society: How they may be incorporated in the common teaching methods.
iii. Catering to the individual differences.
- Programmed learning techniques: Linear and branched approaches. - Instructional models and multi-media; Self learning packages (SLP).
- Identification and care of the scientifically talented pupils; National Talent Examinations.
- Helping the slow learners in physical science.
3. Educational technology:
i. Science clubs; field trips; science exhibition and fairs. ii. Computer assisted instruction.
iii. Use of audio and video tapes in science instruction. 4. Evaluation in Science:
i. Construction and standardisation of an achievement test in physical science: Blue print; item analysis; norms; reliability and validity.
ii. Interpretation of test scores: Percentile and percentile ranks; normal probability curve and its applications in educational evaluation.
iii. Graphic representation of data: Bar and pie diagram; histogram; frequency polygon; cumulative frequency graph and ogive curves.
iv. Testing for scientific attitudes and skills: Objectives based testing.
5. Organisation and maintenance of laboratory:
i. Structure and design of the physics and chemistry laboratories for higher secondary schools.
ii. Various registers to be maintained in a laboratory: Stock registers, issue register, breakage register, students attendance register.
iii. Equipping the physics and chemistry department libraries. iv. An understanding of the scientific background of the great problems facing India at present: Over population,
malnutrition, spread of diseases, superstition beliefs; how science education can help in solving them.
v. Special problems of science teaching in rural school: Teacher preparation and inservice education; availability of aids; lack of background experience in teachers including the scientific attitude.

Practical work:
1. Construction and standardisation of an achievement test in a physical science unit of Standard X or XI or XII.
2. Practising (3 sessions each of 10 minutes) classroom interaction analysis and presenting the report.
3. Preparation of 3 improvised apparatus.
4. Construction of an attitude and aptitude test in science.
Assessment is by examination only.

Programmes for which this course is required or in which it can be included:
Bachelor of Education.